《新加坡聯合早報、紐約時報、BBC其他國際新聞 對美國因白人警察執法過當全國各地抗爭,且包圍白宮新聞》6/1
* 美國白人警察粗暴執法導致非洲裔男子死亡所引發的示威活動持續升級,使美國陷入近年來最嚴重的社會動蕩,多個大城市週六(5月30日)實施宵禁,至少有八個州屬出動了聯邦國民警衛隊維持秩序。
反種族歧視示威再升級 美20多個大城市實施宵禁 https://www.zaobao.com/znews/international/story20200601-1057699?utm_source=ZB_iPhone&utm_medium=share
* 全美多個城市因明尼蘇達州白人警察暴力執法引發的動亂越演越烈。
路透社:目擊者說,當地時間星期天(5月31日),一輛油罐車在明尼蘇達州一條州際公路衝向示威人群,但沒有人員受傷。油罐車司機下車後被示威者毆打。
油罐車衝向人群 美國德州進入災難狀態 https://www.zaobao.com/realtime/world/story20200601-1057776?utm_source=ZB_iPhone&utm_medium=share
* 政治抗爭持續,美國全國多州進入緊急狀態,示威者包圍白宮,並且在白宮外現場燃燒物品,美國鎮暴警察國民警衛嚴正以待,剛剛噴催淚瓦斯,試圖驅除民眾。
George Floyd Protests Live Updates: Cities on Edge as Fires Burn Near the White House
Nationwide demonstrations resume, officials in several states reinforce their National Guard presence and anger mounts at increasingly aggressive tactics by the police.
RIGHT NOWFires are burning in the streets near the White House in Washington, where a curfew went into effect at 11 p.m. Eastern time.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/31/us/george-floyd-protests-live-updates.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share
*紐約時報抗爭簡報:
Here’s what you need to know:
*The White House goes dark as fires rage nearby.
*Two Atlanta police officers were fired for using excessive force during a protest.
*A man is arrested after driving a truck through a crowd of Minnesota protesters.
*Trump is heard, but not seen, on a simmering Sunday.
*Could protesting spread coronavirus? Officials are worried.
*National Guard commanders say troops are meant only to keep the peace.
*Looters strike Philadelphia stores while peaceful crowds protest at City Hall.
*白宮熄燈,示威群眾包圍。
The police fired tear gas near the White House on Sunday night to dissuade protesters who had smashed the windows of prominent buildings, overturned cars and set fires, with smoke seen rising from near the Washington Monument.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/31/us/george-floyd-protests-live-updates.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share
*支持非裔駕駛被白人警察執法致死抗爭,進入第六天,轉為暴力—BBC
George Floyd death: Violence erupts on sixth day of protests https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-52872401
* 此時此刻的白宮拉菲耶特廣場外,🔥已經燒到了川普官邸。紐約時報報導週五晚川普曾一度在幕僚建議下至白宮地下室短暫躲避。 http://t.cn/A62CLrdd —鳳凰衛視
* 當地時間5月31日,美國首都華盛頓連續三天爆發反種族歧視示威。當天,近千名示威者再次在白宮北側的拉斐特公園外示威抗議。人們手拿標語,高呼「沒有公正,就沒有和平」等口號。在華盛頓的抗議現場,有三類抗議者。第一類是真正為非裔爭取權益的和平抗議者。不僅是非裔,還有白人,西裔等等。今天還有華裔舉著中英文的標語:「黑人的命也是命。」第二類是打砸搶的犯罪分子,華盛頓的奢侈品店被砸,今天全部戒嚴;第三類是激進主義趁機製造混亂。
白宮外公共廁所全部是各種臟話塗鴉,被後期同事遮得無法辨認。http://t.cn/A62Ctu0C—鳳凰衛視
tear gas effect 在 《海琪的天空》 陳海琪 Facebook 的最佳解答
[Animals suffer]
Since June, over ten of thousands tear gas canisters were fired around Hong Kong, being proved to be releasing dioxins which brings long term harms to human, yet showed limited effect in “eviction” of protestors.
But it’s not only Hong Kong people suffering.
Photographs captured the wildlife in Hong Kong lying dead on the ground, alleged to be killed due to irritation of tear gas.
tear gas effect 在 Charles Mok 莫乃光 Facebook 的最佳解答
【法政匯思就社會進一步動盪的聲明】
【Statement on Further Escalation of Social Unrest】
// 當體制構建不能保障市民應有的追索權,暴力兼「私了」必如落山流水跟著來,這已清晰可見。僅說無諾,何能「止暴制亂」?
// Where the system fails to provide proper recourse, vigilantism and violence proclaiming self-defence arise as simple cause and effect. Without any real commitment by the Government to de-escalate and defuse the political crisis, verbal condemnation and physical crackdown will do nothing to ‘stop violence and curb disorder’.
https://www.facebook.com/…/a.455221741311…/1474268236073377/
【法政匯思就社會進一步動盪的聲明】
【Statement on Further Escalation of Social Unrest】(Scroll for English)
1. 近日,警隊的行為就如國際特赦組織所言越見低劣。[1] 這皆因政府漠視其專家提供的建議,並以歇斯底里、毫無章法可言的策略回應持續的動盪。
2. 五個月來,政府持續容許以下情況發生,對警政問題及根本的政治危機藥石亂投:
a. 阻礙救護人員前往現場拯救傷者;[2]
b. 偏頗地處理強姦或酷刑對待被拘留人士的指控;[3]
c. 肆無忌憚地濫用武力;[4]
d. 以諸多藉口為警察的失控或報復行為辯解。[5]
3. 法政匯思強烈譴責警隊濫用武力,及其本末倒置、往往為社區添煩添亂的驅散示威者行動。警方在十一月十一日於香港中文大學(「中大」)、香港理工大學及香港大學等驅散非法集結及/或堵路行為的行動,指稱的事實根據惹人非議。[6] 在撰寫此聲明之時,警方甚至以催淚彈及橡膠子彈回應中大校長的善意,與學生發生激烈衝突,造成最少60人受傷及多人被捕。[7]
4. 歸根究底,現有的制度未能公正地調查涉及警務人員的刑事指控,乃是警民衝突的源頭。樂觀地看,這可能只是個別調查人員的疏忽;悲觀地看,這反映一種互相包庇的文化,可能已由員佐級警員到警務處處長、保安局局長甚至特首,滲透警隊及政府上下。無論是哪一個情況,這種警察橫行無忌的觀感已經令公眾對負責調查大部分罪行的警察的信任蕩然無存。這個缺口一開,刑事司法制度剩下非常有限的能力,處理失職警員。
5. 法政匯思繼續呼籲香港政府成立獨立調查委員會,調查包括六月份以來政府的治安管理手段。除了將肇事者繩之於法外,更重要的是全面檢閱香港警隊以達至結構上的改革。至今,特區政府對於這個明顯又實際的選擇不屑一顧,堅持讓一個缺乏監察權力的獨立監察警方處理投訴委員會(「監警會」)[8] 去調查警察投訴及內部調查科。這正正就是問題根源所在。
6. 監警會委派的國際專家組就這個問題發表《進展報告》。國際專家組與政府持相反意見。他們批評監警會在結構上欠缺全面調查權力,對監警會這一個輕型、監管式的體制是否能夠做出決定性的貢獻表示懷疑,更指出下一步的可能性諸如「委派一個享有所需權力的獨立調查機構以作更深程度及更廣泛的調查」,意味著一個獨立調查委員會。[9]
7. 對於近數星期暴力頻頻,政府沒有採取任何行動,只是堅拒示威者的訴求(包括成立獨立調查委員會),更稱他們為「人民的敵人」。[10] 警員們多月來非人化地濫稱示威者為「曱甴」。[11]
8. 法政匯思絕對不認同法外制裁。此立場於七月二十五日之聲明已表明。然而,當體制構建不能保障市民應有的追索權,暴力兼「私了」必如落山流水跟著來,這已清晰可見。僅說無諾,何能「止暴制亂」?
法政匯思
2019年11月15日
(PDF: https://tinyurl.com/tt2nzmr)
1. Police conduct has seen, in the words of Amnesty International, ‘another shocking low’ [1] in recent days as the Government ignored constructive feedback by its own experts and hysterically responded to the ongoing unrest without any rational strategy.
2. In particular, these allegations point to a wanton failure on the part of the Government to properly approach policing and the underlying political crisis, now in its 5th month:
a. Obstructing rescuers and ambulances from accessing the injured; [2]
b. Unfair handling of allegations of rape and torture in custody; [3]
c. Unapologetic excesses in its use of force; [4] and
d. Evasive defence of police officers acting impulsively or in retaliation. [5]
3. The Progressive Lawyers Group (the ‘PLG’) vehemently condemns the Police regarding their excessive use of force and dispersal operations which often create the chaos sought to be quelled. On 11 November, the police conducted operations in, amongst others, the Chinese University of Hong Kong (‘CUHK’), the Polytechnic University of Hong Kong and the University of Hong Kong to disperse unlawful assemblies and/or obstruction of traffic, [6] the factual basis of which has been doubted by many. As at the drafting of this Statement, as riot police responded to an olive branch by the CUHK Vice-Chancellor with tear gas and rubber bullets, severe clashes between students and riot police at CUHK are ongoing with at least 60 injured and dozens arrested. [7]
4. Nonetheless, the crux of the problem remains in the institutional failure to investigate criminal allegations involving police officers impartially. At best, it could be an omission by individual police officers in their execution of duty. At worst, it could be a culture that acquiesces and conceals wrongdoings affecting grassroot constables, the Commissioner of Police, the Secretary for Security and the Chief Executive alike. Whichever the case may be, this perception of impunity breaches the trust and confidence the public reposes in the police who are tasked with investigating most offences. With this link broken, there remains very limited recourse in the criminal justice system against rogue officers.
5. The PLG continues to call on the Hong Kong Government to appoint a Commission of Inquiry regarding, amongst others, the current approach to policing social unrest since June. Bringing wrongdoers to justice aside, the more important task is a holistic review on the Police Force and a roadmap to structural reforms. So far, the Government brushed aside this obvious and pragmatic option, insisting upon an inquiry by the Independent Police Complaints Council (‘IPCC’) [8] whose (lack of) oversight over the Complaints Against Police Office (‘CAPO’) is the very issue at the heart of the current saga.
6. Curiously, the International Expert Panel of the IPCC appointed for advice on that very inquiry seems to hold a contrary view. In their Position Statement Report of Progress, the experts pointed out ‘structural limitations in the scope and powers of the IPCC Inquiry’ and noted that ‘it remains to be seen whether a light touch, oversight body like the IPCC, can make sufficient progress to produce any decisive contribution…’ It also identified a possible next step such as ‘a deeper more comprehensive inquiry in a number of respects by an independent body with requisite powers’, alluding to a Commission of Inquiry. [9]
7. In response to the extraordinary brutalities these few weeks, the Government did nothing but maintain that it will not yield to the protesters’ demands (including an independent Commission of Inquiry) and call them ‘enemies of the people’. [10] It has not helped that the police have for months been blatantly using such a dehumanising term as ‘cockroaches’ to refer to protesters [11].
8. The PLG stands by our Statement on 25 July 2019 and does not encourage citizens to take justice into their own hands. However, it is obvious by now that where the system fails to provide proper recourse, vigilantism and violence proclaiming self-defence arise as simple cause and effect. Without any real commitment by the Government to de-escalate and defuse the political crisis, verbal condemnation and physical crackdown will do nothing to ‘stop violence and curb disorder’.
The Progressive Lawyers Group
15 November 2019
(PDF version: https://tinyurl.com/tt2nzmr)
tear gas effect 在 The long-term health effects of breathing tear gas - YouTube 的推薦與評價
As the debate on using tear gas continues, we take a look at what exactly tear gas does to the human body. The Mecklenburg County Sheriff's ... ... <看更多>